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Language policy in Ukraine is based on its Constitution, international obligations, and 2012 law "On the principles of the state language policy" (before 2012, the 1989 law "On the languages in the Ukrainian SSR" was in force). The Ukrainian language is the State language of Ukraine. The State has to ensure the comprehensive development and functioning of the Ukrainian language in all spheres of social life throughout the entire territory of Ukraine (Article 10 of the Constitution of Ukraine adopted in 1996). Other languages spoken in Ukraine are guaranteed constitutional protection. The Russian language in Ukraine is recognized as the language of a national minority. It is explicitly mentioned in the Constitution (Article 10): ''"In Ukraine, the free development, use and protection of Russian, and other languages of national minorities of Ukraine, is guaranteed''".〔(Article 10 ) of the Constitution says: "The state language of Ukraine is the Ukrainian language. The State ensures the comprehensive development and functioning of the Ukrainian language in all spheres of social life throughout the entire territory of Ukraine. In Ukraine, the free development, use and protection of Russian, and other languages of national minorities of Ukraine, is guaranteed."〕 The law "On the principles of the state language policy" was aimed at giving Russian or any other minority language the status of a "regional language"; approving its use in courts, schools and other government institutions in areas of Ukraine where the percentage of representatives of national minorities exceeds 10% of the total population of a defined administrative district.〔(Lytvyn:Program for development of Ukrainian language should be adopted before elections ), Kyiv Post (24 August 2012)〕〔 In practice this was mostly the case in the country's southern and eastern regions with predominant or significant part of Russian-speaking population.〔 Ukrainian remains the country's only official country-wide language.〔(Ukrainians protest against Russian language law ), The Guardian (4 July 2012)〕 The law was supported by the governing Party of regions and opposed by the opposition parties. It raised strong criticism within the expert community and the civil society, and sparked big protests in the country. According to its opponents the law is undermining and supplanting the role of the State Ukrainian language, and is not in conformity with Article 10 of the Ukrainian Constitution.〔(Висновок Комітету Верховної Ради України з питань культури і духовності ), rada.gov.ua〕〔(Науковці оцінюють закон про засади мовної політики ), www.day.kiev.ua〕〔(Playing with ambiguities: Ukraine’s language law ), Mykola Riabchuk (28 June 2012)〕 The bill was adopted without any debate amid fistfights in the Ukrainian Parliament building on 3 July 2012. The opposition protested that the procedure of adopting the law was not respected.〔(1+1 ТСН Опозиція вирішила боротись з "бандитським" законом про мови голодуванням )〕〔(УП Мовний законопроект ухвалений із порушенням процедури - стенограма )〕 The law came into force on 10 August 2012.〔 Since then various cities and regions of Ukraine declared Russian a regional language in their jurisdictions.〔 Three minor settlements did the same for, respectively, Hungarian, Moldovan and Romanian.〔 Other cities and regions declared their opposition to this law.〔(Річниця "мовного закону" - galinfo.com.ua )〕 A proposal to repeal the law was paused on 28 February 2014 by acting President Oleksandr Turchynov, who ordered drafting of a new law to "accommodate the interests of both eastern and western Ukraine and of all ethnic groups and minorities."〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ukraine’s parliament-appointed acting president says language law to stay effective )〕 ==Overview== Since the fall of the Soviet Union and the independence of Ukraine, the Russian language has dwindled, but remains one of the two most used languages for business, legal proceedings, science, artistry, and many other spheres of everyday life. According to the 2001 census, 67.5% of the citizens of Ukraine regard Ukrainian as their native language, with Russian being considered the native language for another 29.6%. Various other languages constitute the remaining 2.9%.〔http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/language/〕 During the Soviet era, both Russian and Ukrainian had official status as state languages of the Ukrainian SSR.〔(Language Policy in the Soviet Union ) by L.A. Grenoble〕 Supporters of the bill argued it would make life easier for Russian-speaking Ukrainians.〔(Rushed law on Russian provokes Ukraine fury ), The Scotsman (4 July 2012)〕 Opponents fear adoption of Russian as a minority language could spread rapidly, challenging Ukrainian and causing splits between eastern and western Ukraine.〔(Language law triggers violence in Ukraine ), Financial Times (4 July 2012)〕 In practice Russian is already used widely in official establishments in Ukraine.〔(Ukraine police clash with Kiev crowd over language law ), BBC News (4 July 2012)〕 According to the article #27 (2nd part) it is necessary to translate Ukrainian place names into other languages using only Ukrainian transcription (the transcription of the state language). On 9 February 2013 the authors of the 2012 language law, Serhiy Kivalov and Vadym Kolesnichenko, were awarded the "Medal of Pushkin" by Russian President Vladimir Putin for "great contribution to the preservation and promotion of the Russian language and culture abroad".〔 (Регіонали удостоїлися медалі Пушкіна ''Regionals were awarded medal Pushkin'' ), TSN.ua (19 February 2013)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Language policy in Ukraine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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